an epithet of Venus

paetus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.], having leering eyes, with a cast in the eyes, blinking or winking with the eyes, blinkeyed; esp. as an epithet of Venus, prettily leering, with a pretty cast in her eyes, prettily [p. 1290] blinking: paetus, muôps tois ommasin, Gloss. Philox.:

uni animalium homini depravantur oculi: unde Strabonum et Paetorum cognomina,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150;

Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. valgos, p. 375 Müll.: strabonem Appellat paetum pater,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 45.—Of Venus: non haec res de Venere paeta strabam facit? Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 684 P.:

si paeta est, Veneri similis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 659:

Minerva flavo lumine est, Venus paeto,

Auct. Priap. 37.

Paetus, i, m., a surname.

Q. Aelius Paetus, consul with M. Junius Pennus, A. U. C. 587.—

P. Aelius Paetus, an augur, Liv. 27, 36.—

L. Papirius Paetus, a friend of Cicero, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 7; 2, 1, 12. To him are addressed the letters of Cicero, ad Fam. 9, 15-26.

paetus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.], having leering eyes, with a cast in the eyes, blinking or winking with the eyes, blinkeyed; esp. as an epithet of Venus, prettily leering, with a pretty cast in her eyes, prettily [p. 1290] blinking: paetus, muôps tois ommasin, Gloss. Philox.:

uni animalium homini depravantur oculi: unde Strabonum et Paetorum cognomina,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150;

Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. valgos, p. 375 Müll.: strabonem Appellat paetum pater,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 45.—Of Venus: non haec res de Venere paeta strabam facit? Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 684 P.:

si paeta est, Veneri similis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 659:

Minerva flavo lumine est, Venus paeto,

Auct. Priap. 37.

Paetus, i, m., a surname.

Q. Aelius Paetus, consul with M. Junius Pennus, A. U. C. 587.—

P. Aelius Paetus, an augur, Liv. 27, 36.—

L. Papirius Paetus, a friend of Cicero, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 7; 2, 1, 12. To him are addressed the letters of Cicero, ad Fam. 9, 15-26.

Murcĭa (also written Murtia, Murtea, Myrtea), ae, f.

An epithet of Venus, said to be taken from the myrtle, which was sacred to her, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154 Müll.; Plin. 15, 29, 36, § 121; Tert. Spect. 8.—

The goddess of sloth, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 16; Arn. 4, 132.— Her temple was at the foot of the Aventine, which was formerly called Murcus, Liv. 1, 33, 5; Fest. p. 148; cf. murcidus.

Murcĭa (also written Murtia, Murtea, Myrtea), ae, f.

An epithet of Venus, said to be taken from the myrtle, which was sacred to her, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154 Müll.; Plin. 15, 29, 36, § 121; Tert. Spect. 8.—

The goddess of sloth, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 16; Arn. 4, 132.— Her temple was at the foot of the Aventine, which was formerly called Murcus, Liv. 1, 33, 5; Fest. p. 148; cf. murcidus.

Murcĭa (also written Murtia, Murtea, Myrtea), ae, f.

An epithet of Venus, said to be taken from the myrtle, which was sacred to her, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154 Müll.; Plin. 15, 29, 36, § 121; Tert. Spect. 8.—

The goddess of sloth, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 16; Arn. 4, 132.— Her temple was at the foot of the Aventine, which was formerly called Murcus, Liv. 1, 33, 5; Fest. p. 148; cf. murcidus.

Appias, ădis, f. [id.].

An epithet of the nympi at the fountain of Aqua Appia (v. Applus), whose waters gushed forth near the temple of Venus:

Non illas lites Appias ipsa probat,

Ov. R. Am. 660; id. A. A. 1, 82.—Hence, transf., to her statues, found at the neighboring temple of Venus:

Appiadesque deae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 452.—

An epithet of Minerva, given by Cicero jestingly, to flatter Appius Pulcher, in imitation of the appellative Pallas, Cic. Fam. 3, 1 Manut.

dīvus, a, um, also dīus, a, um, (without the digamma) adj. [dios], of or belonging to a deity, divine.

Prop. (mostly archaic and poet.). As an adj. very rarely: res [p. 604] divas edicit, Naev. ap. Non. 197, 15; so,

diva caro,

Prud. Psych. 76: DIUM fulgur appellabant diurnum, quod putabant Jovis, ut nocturnum Summani, Paul. ex Fest. p. 75, 14 Müll.—Far more freq.,

Subst.: dīvus ( dīus), i, m., and dīva ( dia), ae, f., a god, a goddess, a deity.

Form dīvus: si divus, si diva, esset, etc., a precatory formula in Liv. 7, 26; cf. ib. 29, 27; 8, 9:

is divus (sc. Apollo) exstinguet perduelles vestros, Carm. Marcii,

ib. 25, 12; cf.:

dive, quem proles Niobea, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 1:

mortalin' decuit violari vulnere divum?

Verg. A. 12, 797:

utinam me divi adaxint ad suspendium,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 11:

divi,

Lucr. 6, 387; Verg. A. 3, 363; 12, 28; Hor. C. 4, 2, 38 al.:

divos,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 133; Cic. Leg. 2, 8; Verg. E. 1, 42; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; id. S. 2, 3, 176 et saep.: divumque hominumque pater, rex, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll.; Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10, 2 et saep.:

divom atque hominum clamat fidem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 20; cf.:

pro divum fidem,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28;

more rarely, divorum,

Verg. A. 7, 211:

(munera) digna diva venustissima Venere,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 4:

Turni sic est affata sororem Diva deam,

i. e. Juno, Verg. A. 12, 139; cf. id. ib. 1, 447;

482: Diva Bona for Bona Dea,

Ov. F. 5, 148: divos scelerare parentes, the family gods = theoi patrôoi, Cat. 64, 404.—

Form dīus: Dii Indigetes Diique Manes, a precatory formula in Liv. 8, 9: Dia Dearum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 22, ed. Vahl.); cf.:

DEA DIA,

i. e. Ceres, Inscr. Orell. 961 and 1499: Venus pulcherrima dium, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31.—

Transf.

Godlike, divine, an epithet applied to any thing deified or of extraordinary excellence or distinction:

urbi Romae divae,

Liv. 43, 6; cf.

sarcastically: est ergo flamen, ut Jovi, etc., sic divo Julio M. Antonius,

Cic. Phil. 2, 43: Romule die, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 115, ed. Vahl.): Ilia dia nepos, id. ap. Fest. p. 286, 16 Müll. (Ann. v. 56, ed. Vahl.):

dia Camilla,

Verg. A. 11, 657:

dias in luminis oras,

Lucr. 1, 22; so,

Voluptas,

id. 2, 172:

otia,

id. 5, 1389: profundum (cf. hals dia), Ov. M. 4, 537:

sententia Catonis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 32:

poëmata,

Pers. 1, 31 et saep.—After the Aug. period divus became a frequent epithet for the deceased Roman emperors in the historians, and on coins and inscriptions, Suet. Dom. 23; Liv. Epit. 137.—

dīvum, i, n., the sky, Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll.—Esp. freq., sub divo, like sub Jove, under the open sky, in the open air, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19 Zumpt N. cr.; Varr. L. L. l. l.; Cels. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 72; Verg. G. 3, 435; Hor. C. 2, 3, 23 et saep.:

sub divum rapiam,

id. ib. 1, 18, 13.

dīvus, a, um, also dīus, a, um, (without the digamma) adj. [dios], of or belonging to a deity, divine.

Prop. (mostly archaic and poet.). As an adj. very rarely: res [p. 604] divas edicit, Naev. ap. Non. 197, 15; so,

diva caro,

Prud. Psych. 76: DIUM fulgur appellabant diurnum, quod putabant Jovis, ut nocturnum Summani, Paul. ex Fest. p. 75, 14 Müll.—Far more freq.,

Subst.: dīvus ( dīus), i, m., and dīva ( dia), ae, f., a god, a goddess, a deity.

Form dīvus: si divus, si diva, esset, etc., a precatory formula in Liv. 7, 26; cf. ib. 29, 27; 8, 9:

is divus (sc. Apollo) exstinguet perduelles vestros, Carm. Marcii,

ib. 25, 12; cf.:

dive, quem proles Niobea, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 1:

mortalin' decuit violari vulnere divum?

Verg. A. 12, 797:

utinam me divi adaxint ad suspendium,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 11:

divi,

Lucr. 6, 387; Verg. A. 3, 363; 12, 28; Hor. C. 4, 2, 38 al.:

divos,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 133; Cic. Leg. 2, 8; Verg. E. 1, 42; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; id. S. 2, 3, 176 et saep.: divumque hominumque pater, rex, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll.; Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10, 2 et saep.:

divom atque hominum clamat fidem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 20; cf.:

pro divum fidem,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28;

more rarely, divorum,

Verg. A. 7, 211:

(munera) digna diva venustissima Venere,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 4:

Turni sic est affata sororem Diva deam,

i. e. Juno, Verg. A. 12, 139; cf. id. ib. 1, 447;

482: Diva Bona for Bona Dea,

Ov. F. 5, 148: divos scelerare parentes, the family gods = theoi patrôoi, Cat. 64, 404.—

Form dīus: Dii Indigetes Diique Manes, a precatory formula in Liv. 8, 9: Dia Dearum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 22, ed. Vahl.); cf.:

DEA DIA,

i. e. Ceres, Inscr. Orell. 961 and 1499: Venus pulcherrima dium, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31.—

Transf.

Godlike, divine, an epithet applied to any thing deified or of extraordinary excellence or distinction:

urbi Romae divae,

Liv. 43, 6; cf.

sarcastically: est ergo flamen, ut Jovi, etc., sic divo Julio M. Antonius,

Cic. Phil. 2, 43: Romule die, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 115, ed. Vahl.): Ilia dia nepos, id. ap. Fest. p. 286, 16 Müll. (Ann. v. 56, ed. Vahl.):

dia Camilla,

Verg. A. 11, 657:

dias in luminis oras,

Lucr. 1, 22; so,

Voluptas,

id. 2, 172:

otia,

id. 5, 1389: profundum (cf. hals dia), Ov. M. 4, 537:

sententia Catonis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 32:

poëmata,

Pers. 1, 31 et saep.—After the Aug. period divus became a frequent epithet for the deceased Roman emperors in the historians, and on coins and inscriptions, Suet. Dom. 23; Liv. Epit. 137.—

dīvum, i, n., the sky, Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll.—Esp. freq., sub divo, like sub Jove, under the open sky, in the open air, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19 Zumpt N. cr.; Varr. L. L. l. l.; Cels. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 72; Verg. G. 3, 435; Hor. C. 2, 3, 23 et saep.:

sub divum rapiam,

id. ib. 1, 18, 13.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).

Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):

o puerum pulchrum,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:

pulcher ac decens,

Suet. Dom. 18:

virgo pulchra!

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:

pulchra juvenis,

Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:

quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,

Verg. A. 9, 179:

formā pulcherrima,

id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):

O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;

as an epithet of Apollo,

Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:

satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,

id. ib. 7, 656:

pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.:

pulchro corpore creti,

Lucr. 5, 1116:

o faciem pulchram!

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:

fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51:

color,

Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:

mulier pulchra nimis,

Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:

tunicae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:

testudo,

Verg. G. 2, 463:

recessus,

Ov. M. 14, 261:

horti,

id. P. 1, 8, 37:

fluvius,

Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:

quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?

Cic. Sen. 15, 53:

urbs pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:

pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:

acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,

Cato, R. R. 104:

panis longe pulcherrimus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:

pulcherrima opera,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:

quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—

Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:

praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,

that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

pulcherrimum exemplum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

fasces,

Lucr. 5, 1234:

pulcherrima consilia,

Verg. A. 5, 728:

nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

id. ib. 1, 286:

poëmata,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:

divitiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 95:

dies,

favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:

o Sol pulcher, o laudande,

id. ib. 4, 2, 47;

4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,

Flor. 2, 2, 14:

viae ejus viae pulchrae,

Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:

pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,

honorable, Sil. 5, 594:

quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:

cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,

to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:

pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 317:

pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,

Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:

pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,

Luc. 9, 391:

turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,

Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:

subigere aliquid,

Cato, R. R. 74:

aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:

oppidum pulchre munitum,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:

vendere,

i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;

38: conciliare,

at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:

victitare,

id. Most. 1, 1, 51:

admonere,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:

pulchre dictum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:

pulchre et oratorie dicere,

Cic. Or. 68, 227:

pulchre asseverat,

bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:

proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,

very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

intellegere,

Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:

Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,

Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:

peristi pulchre,

you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,

occidi,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:

neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,

in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:

pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),

excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.

Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12.